Periodisation Training
Dutch man, Raymond Verheijen, is a very outspoken person who is confident in his methods. The Russian fitness coach criticised many nations at this years European Championships about their pre-historic methods & daily double training sessions. Russia was the only nation to train only once a day & they started the tournament excellent but then stuttered & didn't manage to qualify from their group. He is a man that looks to evolve & is widely respected in the professional game having held roles at Barcelona, Chelsea, Manchester City & having been involved in the last 3 World Cups & 4 European Championships. I attended one of his clinics in Northern Ireland earlier in the year & here is what I found out...
Periodisation in football
1. Football Philosophy
- Traditional fitness --> Football (isolation of fitness from football)
- Periodisation football --> Fitness
2. Analysis of the Game
Raymond used a concept of showing actions per minute using a ‘X’ & used ‘----‘ to indicate reduction in actions per minute, i.e. X--- X----X-------------X
- During game quality reduced (fatigue)
- Less actions per minute during final stages
Ideal X---X---X---X---X (quality and duration, improvement & consistency)
Subjectivity in football is a problem, especially past performances. Remove your opinion & stay objective, it’s not a “pub chat”.
“Subjectivity is the weakness of our profession”
Fatigue is non-contextual, but “actions per minute” is
Quality/Quantity Chart
Football X---x-----x X-----X (30sec) X-X-X (15/30/45)
Analysis X---X---X---X X---X---X (15s) X-(15)-X-(15)-X
Football better football maintain good more actions ability to maintain
Performance actions f’ball actions per min more act per min
Football more explosive maintain exp quick recov ability to maintain
Fitness f’ball action actions between acts quick recov bet acts
Football football sprints football sprints games 4v4 games 11v11/8v8
Experience with max recov with min rest and 3v3
Training see following sections on breakdowns
Method
“We must communicate objectively to avoid confusion and misinterpretation, keeping it precise for the players”
3. Football Performance
- Better football action, better passing, pressing, defending (per minute)
- To maintain more football activities (per minute)
- Quality, quantity, maintain - BE MORE DEMANDING!
4. Football Fitness
- Build football fitness into technical and tactical aspects of training
- Less Space & Time à Execute Actions Faster à More Explosive Football Actions
- We can learn from the fitness world but take it back to football & make it applicable
5. Football Conditioning Exercises
Traditional athletic approach
- Start run when you want
- Moment of action
- Direction of action
- Speed of action
A study was conducted over 15 metres with 1 player isolated running the distance. They compared this to 2 players running against each other. Finally, the coach held the hands of either player with a ball between them. This offered a resistance & when the coach played the ball between the players the player that won the ball got to score. He called this part the ‘environmental trigger as it was within a football context
This offered a closer realism to the game & players worked harder as there was a reward at the end of it so their performance increased. Making simple adjustments like this to your training will improve the overall results, better training instead of more training.
After the initial power point presentation Raymond then took a practical. He worked with the Northern Ireland U16 squad. Upon arrival the players had received a warm up from their coach. Raymond set up a pitch with 2 full size goals. The pitch was split into 3 sections of 15 yards each. He wanted the players to sprint, jog then walk before receiving a 15 yard pass from him. He wanted the players to receive on the half turn before striking at the goal. The players started with a chip into the keepers hands before he developed intensity.
Set 1 – Max Rest (with a finish on goal)
A) 5m football sprints
B) 10-15m football sprints
C) 20-25m football sprints
Set 2 – Progress to Short Rest (noticed a drop in & i.e X---X-----X------x---------x---------------------x)
Notes – look at quality with rest and then without rest and ability to maintain
The session then developed to the 2 players against each other with resistance from the coach holding their hands. He operated this from either end & in groups of 8. He had a lot of fun with the players by trying to trick them before making contact with the ball. You can increase the distance set over 30, 45 & 60 yards. So with the group of 16, 8 worked while the other 8 operated 6 v 2 for an active recovery. If you have an odd number place a cone down mid way & the player must get to the ball before it passes the cone.
Raymond then operated a game on a 75 x 48 yard pitch. He played 6 v 6 rotating with another team of 6 - play 2 minutes then switch. The progressions he added included developing shape / tactics (3 v 2) then the team without the ball had to press. While the team with the ball always played out from the back, i.e. goalkeeper played out so players always looked to drop / width.
- Free play (low intensity)
- Tactical (higher intensity)
Small sided games = overload body in actions per minute = BODY ADAPT!
Verheijen had a great method to replicate actions per minute in a game. This was shown on a chart like this; X-X-X------X, 'X' indicates actions per minute while '-' indicated less actions per minute.
As coaches we should look to replicate problems from games to training & keep realistic. For example if the movement per minute not as it should be look to press / transition. Break it down to work 11 v 11 or 8 v 8 etc.
- 10 minutes X - X - X - X
- 20 minutes X - X - X - X
- 30 minutes X - X - X - X
- 40 minutes X - X - X- - - - - X
In the above example the body says no but the coach says yes! Body will adapt.
The Game X - - - X - - - - X - - - - - X
Higher Level X - X - X - X - X - X - X
Based on the higher level example above. To improve the first actions per minute is through football sprints with max rest. Then to develop is through games, i.e. 4 v 4 / 3 v 3. Coming to the latter stages 11 v 11 / 8 v 8 or 5 v 5 / 7 v 7 will improve as will football sprints with minimum rest.
He talked about coaching the moment where the X---X---X------------X----X gets missed out, this was especially prevalent in the 2nd half of the games when the boys were unable to press or transition. It allowed RV to push/coach the player to maintain his actions for a longer period of time.
6. Training Methods
- Football sprints with maximum rest
a) 6-10 football sprints x 5 metres / 30 second rest
4-8 football sprints x 15 metres / 45 second rest
2-6 football sprints x 25 metres / 60 second rest
Step 1 - 6 x 5 4 x 15 2 x 25
Step 2 - 7 x 5 4 x 15 2 x 25
Step 3 - 7 x 5 5 x 15 2 x 25
Step 4 - 7 x 5 5 x 15 3 x 25
Step 5 - 8 x 5 5 x 15 3 x 25
Step 6 - 8 x 5 6 x 15 3 x 25
etc.
Step 13 - 10 x 5 8 x 15 6 x 25
b) 2-4 series x 6-10 football sprints x 15 metres / 10 second rest
c) 2-6 games x 1-3 minutes work / 3-1 minutes recovery / 4 series
Step 1 - 2-6 games 4 v 4 / 3 v 3 1 minute work 3 minute rest x 4
Step 2 - 2.5 minute rest
Step 3 - 2 minute rest
Step 4 - 1.5 minute rest
Step 5 - 1 minute rest
Step 6 - 0.5 minute rest
etc.
d) Extensive endurance rest
2-6 games x 10-15 minutes work / 2 minute series rest
Step 1 - 2x10 minutes 11 v 11 / 8 v 8 2 minutes rest x 4
Step 2 - 2x11 minutes
Step 3 - 2x12 minutes
Step 4 - 2x13 minutes
Step 5 - 2x14 minutes
Step 6 - 2x15 minutes
Step 7 - 3x11 minutes
Step 8 - 3x12 minutes
Step 9 - 3x13 minutes
Step 10- 3x14 minutes
Step 11- 3x15 minutes
Step 12- 4x12 minutes
4-6 games x 4-8 minutes / 2 minute rest
Step 1 - 4 x 4 minutes 2 minutes rest
Step 2 - 4 x 4.5 minutes
Step 3 - 4 x 5 minutes
Step 4 - 4 x 5.5 minutes
Step 5 - 4 x 6 minutes
Step 6 - 4 x 6.5 minutes
Step 7 - 4 x 7 minutes
Step 8 - 4 x 7.5 minutes
Step 9 - 4 x 8 minutes
7. Pitch Size
11 v 11 - 10 outfield players - 100 x 60 metres
10 v 10 - 9 outfield players - 90 x 54 metres
9 v 9 - 8 outfield players - 80 x 48 metres
8 v 8 - 7 outfield players - 70 x 42 metres (50m)
7 v 7 - 6 outfield players - 60 x 36 metres (40m)
6 v 6 - 5 outfield players - 50 x 30 metres (40m)
5 v 5 - 4 outfield players - 40 x 24 metres (30m)
4 v 4 - 3 outfield players - 30 x 18 metres
3 v 3 - 2 outfield players - 20 x 12 metres
2 v 2 - 1 outfield players - 10 x 6 metres (15x10m)
1 v 1 - 1 outfield players - 10 x 6 metres
8. Periodisation Model
Day / Training Week X
- Saturday - Game
- Sunday - Recovery Training (subs F.C.T.)
- Monday - Day off
- Tuesday - Tactical Training (am - Strength)
- Wednesday - Conditioning Training
- Thursday - Tactical Training
- Friday - Tactical Training
- Saturday - Game
Day / Neutral Week
- Saturday - Game
- Sunday - Recovery Training (subs F.C.T.)
- Monday - Tactical
- Tuesday - Game
- Wednesday - Recovery Training
- Thursday - Day Off or Tactical Training
- Friday - Tactical Training
- Saturday - Game
Mid week game = skip conditioning session
Part Time / Training Week
- Saturday - Game
- Sunday -
- Monday -
- Tuesday - Full Conditioning Work
- Wednesday -
- Thursday - Tactical Training
- Friday -
- Saturday - Game
Periodisation Model
Week to Week on FCT day
3 Blocks x 2 weeks = 6 weeks total
1 2 3 4 5 6
Explosivity Prep Exercises F’ball Sprints with min F’ball Sprints with max
Rest (10”) Rest (60”)
** For Pre-season**
11v11 / 8v8 7v7 / 6v6 / 5v5 4v4 / 3v3
**Zero Pts **
3x12’ 3x13’ 4x5’ 4x5.5’ 2x6x 2x6x
1’W/3’R 1’W/2.5’R
ß---------------------------------------------------------CYCLE 1-----------------------------------------------------------à
2. 3x13’ 3x14’ 4x5.5’ 2x6x
1’W/2.5’R
3.
4.
5.
6. 4x13’ 4x14’ 4x7.5’ 4x8’ 2x6x 2x6x
1’W/45”R 1’W/30”R
Explosivity Prep Exercises (prep for min rest)
TR 1/2 6 x 60m 60% 60”R
TR 3/4 7 x 50m 70% 50”R
TR 5/6 8 x 40m 80% 40”R
TR 7/8 9 x 30m 90% 30”R
TR 9/10 10 x 20m 100% 20”R
** 2 x 6 15m 100% 10”R = stage 1 of min rest football sprints
** Prepare for 10” rest = lactic acid prep exercise and therefore injury prevention
101% ^ Football Sprints (max rest) 4v4/3v3
I
I
Intensity I
I
I
100% ---------------------- > Football Sprints (min rest) 11v11 / 8v8
Maintain/Volume
Where to make zero pt?? e.g. 36min net playing time equates to 3x12’ = starting point
9. Lower Level --> Higher Level of Play
- Youth Academy --> 1st Team
- Higher level play = High speed of game
- Intensity increases
- Volume...?
- Higher intensity = smaller volume
- Higher level of play
--> Gradual increase for youth players to develop body.
10. Playing Style --> Fitness
Raymond offered examples of playing styles. Below offers what he had to improve on in major competitions with each country & how he did.
World Cup 2002 - Korea
1st Half
Very high intensity of play X - X - X - X - X
2nd Half
Dramatic drop in work rate X - X - X - X - X - - - X - - - - X - - - - - X
Solution
More 11 v 11 / 10 v 10 --> 8 v 8 training. 4 x 10 minutes, 5 x 10 minutes, 6 x 10 minutes, etc.
Euro 2008 - Russia
1st Half
Relatively low intensity of play
2nd Half
No drop in work rate, low tempo
Solution
Improve actions per minute through small sided games.
11. Principles of Periodisation
Speed of actions!
- Football is an intensity sport...
- ...not an endurance sport
- Increase the intensity of a session
- ...not the number of sessions per week
- Better 4 sessions @ 100% intensity
- ...than 6 sessions @ 80% intensity
Football Philosophy
- Traditionally = Fitness --> Football / More = Better (quantity)
- Periodisation Football --> Fitness / Less = More (quality)
1. Traditional = Quick build up
- 2-3 weeks physical training dominant
- 2-3 weeks tactical
- Quick build up = short term fitness
- Fitness drop in November / December & April / May
- Quick build up = more injuries
- Less training / games with strongest teams
- Quick build up = fatigue in pre-season
Most important - Team development, playing style & understanding
2. Periodisation = Gradual build up
- 6 weeks football (conditioning) training
- Gradual build up = long term fitness
- Fitness increases during season / no drop
- Gradual build up = almost no injuries
- More training / games with strongest team
- During injury slow loss of fitness
- Gradual build up = no fatigue in pre-season
- Same fitness level as quick build up!
Part time pre-season
Week 1
Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday (3 training sessions)
Week 2
Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday Game (2 training sessions + 1 game)
Observations
Periodisation in Football
- Football specific (just play & learn the game)
- Gradual physical development (long term fitness)
- Periodisation = less injuries (more player development)
- Academy Structure (periodisation long term process)
- Talent Integration in first team (smaller training volume)
Football coaches are the best fitness coaches.
'Football is an intensity sport - not an endurance sport. Less is more!'
'Better training instead of more training.'
Raymond Verheijen with Tim Wareing
